Shear Connector Design in Precast Sandwich Panel.

 

The limitation of horizontal shear formula:

 

Here is a precast concrete sandwich panel;

 2" (exterior concrete wythe)+4" (insulation)+3"(interior wall concrete wythe).

I would like to know how I can calculate shear connector's required strength

  to accomplish composite action in this sandwich panel.

I see many examples use VQ/I shear formula, but this formula assumes linear elastic continuous condition,

 which is not necessarily true for precast concrete sandwich panels.

 

Don't you know more realistic method?

 

Thanks!

 

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