if designing to ASD, wouldn't you get an allowable load increase of 2.0 for impact loads?
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David Topete, SE
On Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 10:22 AM, David Merrick, SE <MRKGP@winfirst.com> wrote:
I got some test results from one who performs crash tests.
The basic rule is that cars are designed to crush at about 6000 lbs with a lot of ductility. That means at lower speeds the impact is 4 to 6 k with little damage to the car. The higher the speeds result in the same force but more car damage.
Another interesting fact is that the Calif. Highway Dept have officially recognized that curbs are only to control water run-off. They do not work to stop cars. The curb causes more injuries in fall accidents than protects from cars jumping the curb.
The new official plan is to not use bollards and rails and not allow curbs, using other methods to control water run-off.
I found that a bollard in sandy clay will need about a ten foot deep hole if one were to allow more than 1/2" movement and increase soil capacity by a factor of 1.33.
Is the seismic factor of 1.33 for soil strength usable for auto impact loads?
The steel pipe needs to be more than a 6 inch diameter to extend down to he center of soil resistance. These holes can not be drilled close enough to stop a car passing between them, so the only solution is to build multiple bollards on a concrete mass, like grade beam, with horizontal steel and stirrups. The pipe size can be reduced but probably needs be tied into the grade beam steel.
David Merrick, SE
Sacramento
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David Topete, SE