For designing an underpinning concrete pile, (caisson), foundation of an existing structure where the piles are a cantilevered element, (no grade beams at the top), ASCE Table 12.2-1 Item "G" requires an R of 1.0 for seismic loads. Can anyone give me some input on justification to use a higher R value, or am I stuck with the R of 1.0?
Thanks in advance,
Larry Hauer S.E.
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